Osteoporosis is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. As a result, bones become weak and brittle, and are more likely to fracture or break.

Osteoporosis typically develops slowly over time and may not cause any symptoms until a bone fracture occurs. Common sites of bone fractures in people with osteoporosis include the hip, spine, and wrist.

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing osteoporosis, including age, gender (women are at higher risk), family history, low calcium and vitamin D intake, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions and medications.

Diagnosis of osteoporosis is usually done with a bone density test, which measures the amount of bone mineral density (BMD) in specific bones such as the hip and spine.

Treatment for osteoporosis typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medications. Lifestyle changes may include weight-bearing exercises, a balanced diet with adequate calcium and vitamin D, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake. Medications may include bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and other medications that slow the breakdown of bone.

Prevention is also important in managing osteoporosis, and it involves building strong bones during childhood and adolescence, and maintaining good bone health throughout adulthood with exercise and a healthy diet.