COPD stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, which is a chronic lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that makes it difficult to breathe. The two main types of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Chronic bronchitis is a condition where the bronchial tubes become inflamed and produce excess mucus, leading to coughing and difficulty breathing. Emphysema, on the other hand, is a condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to shortness of breath and difficulty exhaling.

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD, but other risk factors include exposure to air pollution, occupational dusts and chemicals, and genetic factors.

Symptoms of COPD include shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and frequent respiratory infections. Treatment options include quitting smoking, avoiding triggers, medications (such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids), oxygen therapy, and pulmonary rehabilitation.

It’s important for individuals with COPD to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage their condition and reduce the risk of complications.