Kidney stones are mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and vary in size, with some being as small as a grain of sand, and others being as large as a pebble. They usually originate in the kidneys; however, they can develop anywhere along the urinary tract, which consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Small kidney stones pass through the urinary tract without causing any symptoms, but larger stones may become stuck in the urinary tract at which point a person will experience the first signs and symptoms of a kidney stone. Some signs and symptoms include: severe, sharp pain in the side and back, below the ribs; pain that radiates to the lower abdomen and groin; pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity; pain or burning sensation while urinating; pink, red or brown urine; cloudy or foul-smelling urine; a persistent need to urinate, urinating more often than usual or urinating in small amounts; nausea and vomiting; and/or fever and chills if an infection is present. Diet, excess body weight, some medical conditions, and certain supplements and medications are among the many causes of kidney stones. If you would like to find out more and receive a second opinion regarding your diagnosis and treatment, please contact us at secondopinions.com.